Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF. Skip to main content. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available. Czarino Torrano. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Florentino T. Professor Palacpac, Julius John L. Manuel, Arlen Viah D. Forcado, Joyzee V. Lalamunan, Lyn C. Villegas, Gemalyn P. Pauli, Sarisa A. Torrano, Czarina R. Other advantages of teaching are the summer-off schedules and the ability to pursue intellectual interests.
For example, someone who's interested in physics may choose to pursue a college teaching career in physics so they can further their own knowledge on the subject. School district financial woes may equate to pay cuts, layoffs and a reduction of job benefits, such as healthcare and retirement, for many teachers.
Some states have changed laws giving school districts more flexibility in eliminating tenured teaching positions. By eliminating tenured positions, districts are then able to hire new teachers for lower wages. How are they certified?
As teacher salaries increased, the occupational rating of teaching also rose. This situation has reversed, and there probably will be a shortage of teachers in the future - The preservice preparation of teachers rests upon a threefold set of components: general education, specialized subject-matter education, and professional studies. Each of these interrelated areas is important for the proper education of teachers. Trends in this direction include the establishment of school- based centers for preparing future teachers and provision of early field experience in elementary and secondary classrooms.
Efforts to improve the quality of teachers include an emphasis on testing new and future teachers. The major national reports on education have expressed concern with teacher quality, and efforts are underway to improve salaries and other conditions of teaching. Retrieved April 28, , from www. Work performance and job satisfaction among teachers.
Advantages of becoming a teacher. Can these differences be reconciled? Teachers today: - They aspire to be professionals with expert knowledge concerning the content and methods of instruction in their particular fields - They are well organized as a group and have gained greater rights to be judged mainly on the basis of the performance rather than on the basis of their behavior outside the school and to participate in making decisions about the conditions in which they work 2.
He argues that merit pay would work only in a truly competitive marketplace, one in which consumers had a variety of genuine choices. This contract becomes invalid immediately if the teacher marries. Retrieved April 28, , from en. Retrieved April 28, , from tagalog. If it were wholly gone and done with, there would be only one attitude toward it. Let the dead bury their dead. But knowledge of the past is the key to understanding the present. History deals with the past, but this past is the history of the present.
Realistic efforts to reform education begin with present conditions, which are a product of our past; by using our past, we can shape the future. They specialized in teaching grammar helped them express ideas clearly , logic the rules of argument, aided students in clarifying their own thinking , and rhetoric the power to persuade others through speech.
The presentation of a simple lecture or declamation to his students to provide them with an excellent model of speech; 2.
An examination of great orations that could be used as models of speech; 3. The study of rhetoric, grammar, and logic; 4. Practice orations by the young orator, which were criticized by teachers 5.
A public oration delivered by the student 3. Socrates is important in Western educational history because he firmly defended the freedom to think, to question, and to teach. In fact, what we know about Socrates is through the writing of Plato.
Socrates also developed Socratic Method, which is the methodology of searching questions and answers, or dialogue, that bears his name. A speculative philosopher, Plato founded the Academy in B. In general, Plato was a conservative social and educational philosopher who disliked the changes encouraged by the Sophists and held the reality consisted of an unchanging world of perfect ideas which is universal concepts such as truth, goodness, justice, and beauty. As these images appear to our senses, however, individual examples are imperfect representations of these universal and eternal ideas.
In contrast, he asserted those human beings are good and honorable only when their behavior agrees with the ideal concepts of justice and goodness. C was the tutor of Alexander the Great. Aristotle founded the Lyceum, an Athenian philosophical school, and wrote extensively on such subjects as physics, astronomy, zoology, botany, logic, ethics, and metaphysics. As philosophical realist, Aristotle held that reality posited in an objective order.
Objects, composed of form and matter, exist independently of our knowledge of them. The truly educated person exercises reason in judging ethical and political behavior. Isocrates opposed Sophists who taught rhetoric as a set of isolated persuasive routines or public relations techniques. Rather, he believed that rhetorical education should be completely humanistic and cultural, including the tools and techniques of speech. Although Isocrates opposed the cass opportunism of the Sophists, he also rejected the Platonic perspective that education was to lead to the purely speculative and the abstract.
For Isocrates, education had objectives that led to public service because informed action was based on and guided by knowledge.
A profound conviction of the possibility of achieving human excellence 2. The idea that education had civic purpose related to the political well- being of the community 3. A distinction between liberal education and vocational training 4. As a public speaker, the orator had to select his words with care so that he could structure his arguments persuasively.
He needed to use psychology to excite the emotions of his audience and to influence public affairs. The orator needed to be quick intellectually; he needed to be versatile in using a number of speaking styles and types of argument.
The word humanitas, which signifies all that is worthy in an individual as a humane and intelligent being, best expresses his ideal of the educated man. To persuade, the orator had to be trustworthy. He also recommended that the teacher motivate students by making learning interesting and attractive. An emphasis on training administrators and civil servants who could maintain the political infrastructure of a vast and diverse empire 2.
A pragmatic propensity to translate theories into practices 3. An instructionalization of informal educational practices into more formal school arrangements 4.
He was an Italian Dominican friar and Roman Catholic priest, who was an immensely influential philosopher, theologian and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the "Doctor Angelicus" and "Doctor Communis". By the eleventh century, medieval educators had developed scholasticism- -- a method of inquiry, scholarship, and teaching, The Scholastics, as teaching clerics were called, relied on faith and reason as complementary sources of truth.
Erasmus was a classical scholar and wrote in a pure Latin style. Among humanists he enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists". Parents were to take their educational responsibilities seriously. Children should receive gentle instruction in good manners and hear stories that had a beneficial effect on the development of their character. Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Late Medieval Catholic Church.
He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchase with money. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in resulted in his excommunication by the Pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor.
What constitutes an educational pioneer? How did the pioneers modify the traditional concepts of the child and the curriculum? What major innovations in teaching and learning did they bring about? You could not be signed in. Sign In Forgot password? Don't have an account? Sign in via your Institution Sign In. Email alerts Latest Books. Feminist Theory. The Politics of Contemplation. Introduction Staging Encounters. Political Theory and Law. Legal Theory and Politics. Research Psychology. Symbols and Abbreviations.
Researchers believe that social relationships are fundamental to the formation and development of personality. Karen Horney was a social theorist. She believed that personality is developed as an individual learns to cope with basic anxieties that stems up from parent — child relationships.
She proposed that individuals could be classified into three personality groups: Complaint — Those individuals who moved toward others. They desire to be loved, wanted and appreciated.
Aggressive — Those individuals who move against others. They desire to excel and win admiration.
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